Contributions to the Extension of Indications of the Toric Intraocular Lenses Implantation Phd Student: Genoveva Olaru Phd Scientific Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Adriana Stănilă Keywords: Corneal Astigmatism Cataract Toric Artificial Lens

During the last years, cataract surgery has taken a refractive tendency, especially since the appearance of artificial crystalline lenses, which give multifocality, asphericity, and toricity. This trend has given birth to the term of „refractive cataract surgery”. The refractive cataract surgery may be defined as the surgery of cataract with a double purpose: to improve vision and the reduce spectacle dependence for distance vision, near vision or both. In this context, in these patients, the management of astigmatism is very important. In order to fulfill every patient’s needs, various brands have put on the market a whole range of devices and have developed a multitude of techniques, such as the toric artificial crystalline lenses, which improve cataract patient’s vision and the pre-existing corneal astigmatism. Astigmatism is a type of refractive error of the eye characterized by blurred vision due to the imposibility of ocular optics to focus a punctiform object into a clear image on the retina. There is a number of options for the patients that want astigmatism correction, from eyeglasses to the latest laser technology. Chosing the right treatment will depend on many factors, including lifestyle, medical history and the degree of refractive error. Cataract is an opacity of the crystalline lens, congenital or gained, causing impairment of vision. Approximately 15-29% of the cataract patients have an corneal astigmatism bigger that 1.00 D that impede obtaining a maximal visual acuity without glasses. The management of astigmatism consists of correcting it as much as possible or eliminating it. Arcuate keratotomy, the limbal relaxing incision, toric artificial crystalline lenses, excimer laser treatment and various types of incisions have been described in the literature, for the after-cataract surgery management of astigmatism. Toric artificial lenses are considered one of the ideal solutions for the patients with cataract and astigmatism. The first toric artificial lens was used by Shimitzu, in 1994. The first